The Power of Entrepreneurial Innovation Capital in Higher Education Entrepreneurship education is no longer just about teaching students how to start a business. In today’s rapidly evolving world—shaped by digital disruption, artificial intelligence, sustainability pressures, and limited social resources—universities must prepare students to innovate, adapt, and lead systemic change. This challenge is particularly significant in emerging economies, where digital divides, weak university–industry collaboration, and institutional constraints can limit innovation readiness. To remain competitive and inclusive, higher education institutions must rethink how they cultivate entrepreneurial capacity among Generation Z. Why Generation Z Matters Generation Z students are digital natives. They are comfortable with technology, socially conscious, and highly adaptive. However, digital familiarity alone does not automatically translate into entrepreneurial readiness. What matters is how univers...
Human Capital and Innovation-Driven Decarbonization Why Technology Alone Is Not Enough for Net-Zero Achieving net-zero emissions is not simply a matter of investing in clean technologies. While innovation plays a central role in reducing carbon emissions, its effectiveness depends heavily on a country’s ability to absorb, adapt, and implement new knowledge. In other words, technological progress must be complemented by strong human capital. This study highlights the complementary role of human capital in innovation-driven decarbonization. Specifically, it examines how absorptive capacity — measured through the interaction between tertiary education and R&D investment — strengthens the environmental impact of innovation. The Core Argument: Absorptive Capacity Matters Research and Development (R&D) investments contribute to lowering carbon emissions. However, the results show that R&D alone is not enough. Its emission-reducing effect becomes significantly stronger in cou...